• Number of seconds in a day: 86400
• Number of seconds in a week: 604800
• Number of seconds in 30 days: 2592000
• Number of seconds in a year: 31536000

Assuming we take a reading once every 5 minutes from cron, we want to store every reading for 1 day, the half-hour average for a week and the hourly average for 2 years.

rdtool create foo.rrd --step 300 DS:NFSOPS:COUNTER:3600:U:U \
RRA:AVERAGE:0.8:1:300 \
RRA:AVERAGE:0.8:6:2016 \
RRA:AVERAGE:0.8:12:17520

For 1 datasource, this creates a file 156k in size, and stores 2 years worth of data. To add multiple datasources, say CIFS Ops, add another DS:CIFSOPS:COUNTER:3600:U:U after the first DS and before the averages.

All the examples I’ve seen for RRDTool seem to imply you want to create the RRDdatabase by hand for each object you want to graph. Forget that! I’ve put everything into a bash script, and both scripts below are run every 5 minutes from cron.

#!/bin/bash

cd /usr/local/systems/rrdtool
rrdtool="/usr/local/systems/rrdtool/bin/rrdtool"
file="/usr/local/systems/rrdtool/netapp.rrd"

if [ ! -f "$file" ] ; then
        $rrdtool create $file --step 300 DS:NFSOPS:COUNTER:3600:U:U \
RRA:AVERAGE:0.8:1:300 \
RRA:AVERAGE:0.8:6:2016 \
RRA:AVERAGE:0.8:12:17520 

fi

# Connect to machine and read the output

NFSOPS=`/usr/bin/snmpget bailey public .1.3.6.1.4.1.789.1.2.2.1.0 | awk '{print $NF}'`

$rrdtool update $file N:$NFSOPS

Draw the graphs

#!/bin/bash

rrdtool="/usr/local/systems/rrdtool/bin/rrdtool"
filename="netapp.rrd"
graphname="bailey-nfs"
DS="NFSOPS"
title="Bailey NFS Ops"
key="NFS Ops"
scale="Ops"

$rrdtool graph -u 40 $graphname-day.png -v "$scale" -L 5 --start -86400 \
-t "$title (past 24 hours)" \
DEF:$DS=$filename:$DS:AVERAGE LINE2:$DS#FF0000:"$key" \
"COMMENT:\n" \
"GPRINT:$DS:MAX:  Max\: %.0lf" \
"GPRINT:$DS:MIN:Min\: %.0lf" \
"GPRINT:$DS:AVERAGE:Avg\: %.0lf" \
"GPRINT:$DS:LAST:Cur\: %.0lf" \
"COMMENT:\n" > /dev/null

$rrdtool graph -u 40 $graphname-week.png -v "$scale" -L 5 --start -604800 \
-t "$title (past 7 days)" \
DEF:$DS=$filename:$DS:AVERAGE LINE2:$DS#FF0000:"$key" \
"COMMENT:\n" \
"GPRINT:$DS:MAX:  Max\: %.0lf" \
"GPRINT:$DS:MIN:Min\: %.0lf" \
"GPRINT:$DS:AVERAGE:Avg\: %.0lf" \
"GPRINT:$DS:LAST:Cur\: %.0lf" \
"COMMENT:\n" > /dev/null

$rrdtool graph -u 40 $graphname-month.png -v "$scale" -L 5 --start -2592000 \
-t "$title (past 30 days)" \
DEF:$DS=$filename:$DS:AVERAGE LINE2:$DS#FF0000:"$key" \
"COMMENT:\n" \
"GPRINT:$DS:MAX:  Max\: %.0lf" \
"GPRINT:$DS:MIN:Min\: %.0lf" \
"GPRINT:$DS:AVERAGE:Avg\: %.0lf" \
"GPRINT:$DS:LAST:Cur\: %.0lf" \
"COMMENT:\n" > /dev/null

$rrdtool graph -u 40 $graphname-annual.png -v "$scale" -L 5 --start -31536000 \
-t "$title (past 365 days)" \
DEF:$DS=$filename:$DS:AVERAGE LINE2:$DS#FF0000:"$key" \
"COMMENT:\n" \
"GPRINT:$DS:MAX:  Max\: %.0lf" \
"GPRINT:$DS:MIN:Min\: %.0lf" \
"GPRINT:$DS:AVERAGE:Avg\: %.0lf" \
"GPRINT:$DS:LAST:Cur\: %.0lf" \
"COMMENT:\n" > /dev/null

Our UPS has 3 outputs, which we can monitor as a percentage, with SNMP. We are also interested in the estmated run time remaining. Using the MIB file that comes on the CD with the UPS, we have the basis for SNMP readings (see my SNMP notes for more information).

#!/bin/bash

rrdtool="/usr/local/systems/rrdtool/bin/rrdtool"
file="/usr/local/systems/rrdtool/ups/ups.rrd"

if [ ! -f "$file" ] ; then
        $rrdtool create $file \
        DS:Load1:GAUGE:600:U:U \
        DS:Load2:GAUGE:600:U:U \
        DS:Load3:GAUGE:600:U:U \
        DS:TimeLeft:GAUGE:500:U:U \
        RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:1:600 RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:6:700 RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:24:775 \
        RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:288:797 RRA:MAX:0.5:1:600 RRA:MAX:0.5:6:700 \
        RRA:MAX:0.5:24:775 RRA:MAX:0.5:288:797
fi

snmpget="/usr/bin/snmpget ups public -m /usr/share/snmp/mibs/stdupsv1.mib" 

Load1=`$snmpget UPS-MIB::upsOutputPercentLoad.1 | awk '{print $NF}'`
Load2=`$snmpget UPS-MIB::upsOutputPercentLoad.2 | awk '{print $NF}'`
Load3=`$snmpget UPS-MIB::upsOutputPercentLoad.3 | awk '{print $NF}'`
TimeLeft=`$snmpget UPS-MIB::upsEstimatedMinutesRemaining | awk '{print $NF}'` 

$rrdtool update $file N:$Load1:$Load2:$Load3:$TimeLeft

#!/bin/bash

rrdtool="/usr/local/systems/rrdtool/bin/rrdtool"
workdir="/usr/local/systems/rrdtool/ups"
wwwimagedir="/usr/local/systems/mrtg-www/ups/"
filename="/usr/local/systems/rrdtool/ups/ups.rrd"  

cd $workdir 

dograph() {
        name=$1
        seconds=$2
        text=$3
        source=$4  
        title=$5
        scale=$6  
        $rrdtool graph -u 100 -l 0 $name.png -v "$scale" \
        -L 8 --start -$seconds -t "$title" \  
        DEF:$source=$filename:$source:AVERAGE \
        AREA:$source#FF0000:"$title " \
        "GPRINT:$source:MAX:Max\: %.0lf$scale" \
        "GPRINT:$source:MIN:Min\: %.0lf$scale"  \
        "GPRINT:$source:AVERAGE:Avg\: %.0lf$scale" \
        "GPRINT:$source:LAST:Cur\: %.0lf$scale" \
        "COMMENT:\n" \
        > /dev/null 
}

dograph ups-load1-day 86400 "past 24 hours" Load1 "Line 1 Load" "%%"
dograph ups-load2-day 86400 "past 24 hours" Load2 "Line 2 Load" "%%"
dograph ups-load3-day 86400 "past 24 hours" Load3 "Line 3 Load" "%%"
dograph ups-runtime-day 86400 "past 24 hours" TimeLeft "Runtime Remaining" " Mins"

# Move the images from the $workdir to $wwwimagedir
mv $workdir/*.png $wwwimagedir